Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)—a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from the urine of infected elephants

The spread of tuberculosis (TB) in Asian countries is mainly due to co-existence and close association humans with elephants other domestic livestock. Infected animals tend shed the organism preclinical period which risks transmission infection from vice versa. Since chronic lack specific clinical signs, diagnosis remains challenging. present study focuses on utilization lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a glycolipid for detection TB elephants. Usage urine as biological sample makes it more advantageous. Seroprevalence Kerala were found be 37.2% (n = 86) using Chembio DPP VetTB assay. Nine (10.46%) out 86 positive AFB 29 (33.7%) LAM antigen. On comparison efficiency LF-LAM assay that assay, had sensitivity 90.63%, specificity 100%, predictive value negative 94.7%, accuracy 95.51%, kappa statistic 0.924 (p < 0.001). traditional acid fast staining method, 74.03%, 31%, 76.74%, 0.374 presence Mycobacterium was confirmed trunk wash PCR targeting gene IS6110, at 245 bp amplicon size 25 seropositive (78.2%) positive. Custom sequencing phylogenetic analysis revealed isolate obtained tuberculosis. This prove Ag (LF-LAM) can used potent biomarker